1. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully launched and deployed its advanced Earth observation satellite, ‘Saral-2’, designed for enhanced disaster management and climate monitoring. What primary technology does Saral-2 leverage for its high-resolution imaging and data collection capabilities?
A) Quantum entanglement sensors
B) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)
C) Gravitational wave detectors
D) Atmospheric lidar for exoplanet detection
Show AnswerCorrect answer: B) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)
Notes: Saral-2 represents a significant leap in India’s Earth observation capabilities. It utilizes Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) technology, which allows it to penetrate clouds and darkness, providing high-resolution images irrespective of weather conditions. This is crucial for real-time monitoring during natural disasters like floods, cyclones, and landslides, where traditional optical sensors might be hindered. The satellite’s data will also be invaluable for climate change studies, agricultural mapping, and oceanographic research, offering precise insights into environmental shifts and resource management. This mission reinforces India’s commitment to space-based applications for societal benefit and global scientific collaboration.
2. During the recently concluded G20 Summit in Rio de Janeiro, leaders endorsed a landmark declaration focusing on global financial stability and sustainable development. Which new framework was proposed to address debt vulnerabilities in low-income countries and promote inclusive green investments?
A) Global Debt-for-Nature Swap Initiative
B) Rio Sustainable Finance Accord
C) Resilience and Green Transition Fund (RGTF)
D) International Climate Adaptation Bank
Show AnswerCorrect answer: C) Resilience and Green Transition Fund (RGTF)
Notes: The G20 Summit in Rio culminated in the adoption of the ‘Rio Sustainable Finance Accord’, which included the proposal for the Resilience and Green Transition Fund (RGTF). This innovative framework aims to mobilize significant capital from developed nations and multilateral institutions to assist low-income countries struggling with sovereign debt, while simultaneously funding their transition to green economies. The RGTF emphasizes concessional lending, debt restructuring linked to climate commitments, and capacity building for sustainable infrastructure projects. Its goal is to alleviate financial burdens and accelerate climate action, fostering a more equitable and resilient global economic landscape.
3. The Indian Parliament recently passed the ‘Digital Personal Data Protection (Amendment) Bill, 2025’. A key amendment strengthens the ‘right to be forgotten’ clause. What is the primary aim of this enhanced provision?
A) To allow individuals to erase their digital footprint from all online platforms without any conditions.
B) To grant individuals the right to request deletion of personal data if it is no longer necessary or consent is withdrawn, with provisions for public interest exceptions.
C) To mandate tech companies to store all user data for a minimum of 10 years for national security purposes.
D) To restrict government agencies from accessing any personal data, even in cases of national security or law enforcement.
Show AnswerCorrect answer: B) To grant individuals the right to request deletion of personal data if it is no longer necessary or consent is withdrawn, with provisions for public interest exceptions.
Notes: The Digital Personal Data Protection (Amendment) Bill, 2025, has significantly bolstered the ‘right to be forgotten’. This amendment empowers individuals to request data fiduciaries (entities processing personal data) to erase or delist their personal information when it is no longer serving the purpose for which it was collected, or if the individual withdraws consent. Crucially, the amendment also carefully balances this right with public interest considerations, such as freedom of expression, public health, or legal obligations, ensuring that legitimate and necessary data retention is not unduly hampered. This move aims to enhance individual privacy and data control in the digital age.
4. India’s Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare recently launched the ‘Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana – 2.0 (PKVY-2.0)’ scheme. What is the core focus of this revamped initiative?
A) Promoting the use of genetically modified (GM) crops for increased yields.
B) Expanding the adoption of traditional organic farming practices and value chain development.
C) Subsidizing advanced drone technology for precision agriculture among large farmers.
D) Establishing mega food parks solely for corporate farming ventures.
Show AnswerCorrect answer: B) Expanding the adoption of traditional organic farming practices and value chain development.
Notes: Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana – 2.0 (PKVY-2.0) is an enhanced version of the original scheme, squarely focused on promoting and certifying organic farming in India. The revamped scheme emphasizes the formation of Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) and clusters to facilitate easier access to certification and market linkages for organic produce. It aims to not only increase the area under organic cultivation but also to build robust value chains, from production to marketing, ensuring better returns for farmers. PKVY-2.0 supports sustainable agricultural practices, soil health improvement, and encourages a shift away from chemical inputs, aligning with ecological conservation and farmer welfare goals.
5. Which Indian state recently launched the ‘Amrit Sarovar Digital Museum’ project, leveraging virtual reality and augmented reality to showcase its rich historical and cultural heritage?
A) Rajasthan
B) Uttar Pradesh
C) Gujarat
D) Madhya Pradesh
Show AnswerCorrect answer: B) Uttar Pradesh
Notes: Uttar Pradesh recently inaugurated the ‘Amrit Sarovar Digital Museum’ project, a pioneering initiative to digitally preserve and present the state’s vast historical and cultural wealth. Utilizing cutting-edge virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies, the museum offers immersive experiences, allowing visitors to explore ancient sites, traditional art forms, and historical narratives interactively. The project aims to make culture and heritage accessible to a wider audience, especially the youth, fostering a deeper understanding of Uttar Pradesh’s legacy. This digital museum is a significant step towards integrating technology with cultural preservation and promotion, ensuring that heritage remains vibrant and engaging for future generations.
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