1. Which international space agency recently announced the successful deployment of the “Lunar Gateway Habitation Module” in orbit around the Moon, a crucial step for future long-duration deep-space missions?
A) European Space Agency (ESA)
B) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
C) China National Space Administration (CNSA)
D) Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)
Correct answer: B) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Notes: NASA successfully deployed the “Lunar Gateway Habitation Module” into lunar orbit on November 23, 2025, marking a significant milestone for its Artemis program. This module will serve as a multi-purpose outpost orbiting the Moon, providing support for human missions, including docking ports, living quarters for astronauts, and science laboratories. The Gateway is critical for enabling sustainable long-duration human presence on and around the Moon, facilitating exploration of the lunar South Pole, and acting as a staging point for future missions to Mars. Its successful deployment underscores international collaboration and technological advancements in deep-space exploration, solidifying humanity’s return to the Moon.
2. The “Global Framework on Digital Sovereignty,” aiming to standardize data protection protocols and combat cyber-threats across borders, was a key outcome of the recent summit hosted by which major international organization?
A) World Economic Forum
B) United Nations Security Council
C) Group of Twenty (G20)
D) Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
Correct answer: C) Group of Twenty (G20) Notes: The G20 nations, during their summit concluding on November 24, 2025, adopted the “Global Framework on Digital Sovereignty.” This landmark framework aims to establish common principles for data governance, ensuring secure data flow while respecting national digital sovereignty and privacy. It addresses pressing issues such as cross-border data protection, ethical AI development, and robust cybersecurity measures, which are crucial in an increasingly interconnected digital world. The framework seeks to foster trust in the digital economy, prevent cybercrime, and bridge the digital divide, reflecting a collective commitment to responsible and equitable technological advancement among major global economies.
3. India recently signed a groundbreaking agreement with which neighbouring country to establish the “Trans-Himalayan Green Energy Corridor,” focusing on renewable energy infrastructure development?
A) Nepal
B) Bhutan
C) Bangladesh
D) Myanmar
Correct answer: A) Nepal Notes: On November 24, 2025, India and Nepal signed a historic agreement to develop the “Trans-Himalayan Green Energy Corridor.” This ambitious project aims to harness the vast hydroelectric potential of the Himalayan region, establish cross-border transmission lines, and promote the exchange of green energy. The corridor will facilitate Nepal’s energy exports to India and reduce both nations’ reliance on fossil fuels, significantly contributing to regional climate goals. Beyond energy, it is expected to boost economic cooperation, create jobs, and enhance grid stability in both countries, marking a new era of bilateral collaboration in sustainable development and renewable energy security.
4. The Union Cabinet recently approved the “Bharat AI Innovation Fund,” a new government scheme designed to provide financial incentives and infrastructure for startups developing advanced artificial intelligence solutions in India. What is the initial corpus allocated for this fund?
A) ₹5,000 Crore
B) ₹7,500 Crore
C) ₹10,000 Crore
D) ₹12,000 Crore
Correct answer: C) ₹10,000 Crore Notes: The Union Cabinet on November 23, 2025, approved the establishment of the “Bharat AI Innovation Fund” with an initial corpus of ₹10,000 Crore. This fund is a strategic initiative under the government’s ‘Make AI in India’ and ‘Make AI for the World’ vision, aiming to bolster India’s position as a global leader in artificial intelligence. It will provide crucial financial support, incubation, and research facilities to domestic AI startups and innovators, focusing on applications in healthcare, agriculture, education, and smart governance. The scheme is designed to accelerate cutting-edge AI research, foster indigenous technological development, and create a robust AI ecosystem within the country.
5. Which Indian state recently launched the “Zero Plastic Waste Cities Mission,” an ambitious state-wide initiative to eliminate single-use plastics and promote circular economy principles in urban areas?
A) Kerala
B) Maharashtra
C) Tamil Nadu
D) Gujarat
Correct answer: C) Tamil Nadu Notes: On November 24, 2025, Tamil Nadu launched its ambitious “Zero Plastic Waste Cities Mission,” aiming to transform its urban centers into plastic-free zones. This comprehensive initiative will focus on stringent enforcement of single-use plastic bans, promoting sustainable alternatives, and establishing advanced waste segregation and recycling infrastructure. The mission also includes extensive public awareness campaigns, incentivizing businesses to adopt eco-friendly packaging, and engaging local communities in waste management efforts. By adopting circular economy principles, Tamil Nadu seeks to drastically reduce plastic pollution, protect its environment, and set a national benchmark for sustainable urban living and effective waste management strategies.
