1. The ‘Euclid Space Telescope’, recently celebrated for its latest data release, is primarily contributing to our understanding of which cosmic phenomena?
A) Exoplanet atmospheres and habitability
B) Dark matter and dark energy distribution
C) Early universe reionization
D) Solar flares and coronal mass ejections
Correct answer: B) Dark matter and dark energy distribution Notes: The European Space Agency’s Euclid mission is a cornerstone of current astronomical research, launched to create the most accurate 3D map of the Universe. Its primary objective is to investigate the nature of dark matter and dark energy, which constitute about 95% of the cosmos but remain largely mysterious. By observing billions of galaxies stretching back 10 billion years, Euclid maps their distribution and the expansion of space, providing crucial data to test theories of cosmology and shed light on these enigmatic components that drive the universe’s evolution and structure formation. Recent data releases are refining our understanding of cosmic large-scale structure.
2. The ‘Summit on Global Digital Governance’, recently hosted in Tokyo, focused primarily on establishing international norms and frameworks for:
Correct answer: D) All of the above Notes: The recent ‘Summit on Global Digital Governance’ in Tokyo was a landmark event addressing the multifaceted challenges and opportunities presented by the rapidly evolving digital landscape. It brought together leaders and experts to deliberate on critical issues impacting digital societies worldwide. The discussions encompassed the urgent need for international consensus on AI ethics and robust regulatory frameworks to ensure responsible development and deployment of artificial intelligence. Furthermore, establishing common standards for cross-border data privacy and effective strategies for combating cyber warfare were central themes, aiming to foster a secure, inclusive, and open digital future for all nations.
3. India’s ‘Project Snow Leopard’, which recently announced significant progress in conservation efforts, is focused on protecting snow leopards primarily in which region?
A) Western Ghats
B) Eastern Himalayas
C) Trans-Himalayan region
D) North-Eastern Hills
Correct answer: C) Trans-Himalayan region Notes: India’s ‘Project Snow Leopard’ is a flagship conservation initiative launched in 2009, specifically aimed at conserving the endangered snow leopard and its high-altitude Himalayan ecosystems. The snow leopard’s natural habitat in India is restricted to the cold, arid mountainous terrain of the Trans-Himalayan region, which includes parts of Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, and Arunachal Pradesh. The project employs a landscape approach, involving local communities, to protect the species and its prey base, thereby preserving the unique biodiversity of these fragile mountain environments. Recent reports highlight increased sightings and successful community-led conservation models.
4. The Indian Navy’s new indigenous ‘P-75 (I)’ class submarines, expected to be commissioned starting late 2026, are being built with an emphasis on:
A) Nuclear propulsion technology
B) Air-Independent Propulsion (AIP) system
C) Ballistic missile launch capability
D) Advanced anti-aircraft missile systems
Correct answer: B) Air-Independent Propulsion (AIP) system Notes: The Project-75 (India) or P-75(I) is a crucial initiative for the Indian Navy to acquire a new class of conventional diesel-electric attack submarines. A key requirement and emphasis for these submarines is the integration of Air-Independent Propulsion (AIP) systems. AIP technology allows non-nuclear submarines to operate without surfacing to recharge their batteries, significantly increasing their underwater endurance and stealth capabilities compared to traditional diesel-electric submarines. This enhancement boosts the submarine’s operational effectiveness and strategic advantage in maritime defence, aligning with India’s broader ‘Make in India’ and indigenous defence manufacturing goals for advanced naval assets.
5. The ‘PM-Vishwakarma Kaushal Samman’ scheme, recently highlighted for its expanded reach, aims to empower which segment of the Indian population?
A) Small and medium enterprises (SMEs)
B) Artisans and craftspeople
C) Street vendors and hawkers
D) Unskilled migrant laborers
Correct answer: B) Artisans and craftspeople Notes: The PM-Vishwakarma Kaushal Samman (PM-VIKAS) scheme is a pivotal government initiative designed to uplift and integrate traditional artisans and craftspeople into the formal economy. Launched with the vision of preserving and promoting India’s rich heritage of traditional crafts, the scheme provides holistic support. This includes skill training, access to modern tools, credit linkages at concessional rates, digital payment incentives, and marketing support. By empowering Vishwakarma (traditional skilled workers) and their families, the scheme aims to enhance their productivity, income, and global competitiveness, ensuring the continuity of invaluable traditional skills and crafts across generations.
