1. The recently concluded Global AI Governance Summit 2025 in Geneva saw participating nations primarily focusing on which key aspect of artificial intelligence deployment?
A) Developing mandatory ethical guidelines for autonomous weapons systems.
B) Establishing an international regulatory body for AI model certification and auditing.
C) Harmonizing global data privacy laws to facilitate cross-border AI research and development.
D) Creating a comprehensive framework for responsible and equitable AI deployment in developing nations.
Correct answer: D Notes: The Global AI Governance Summit 2025 concluded with a landmark agreement on establishing a framework for responsible AI deployment, particularly emphasizing equitable access and benefits for developing nations. While ethical guidelines and regulatory bodies were discussed, the primary focus shifted towards bridging the digital divide and ensuring that AI technologies contribute to sustainable development goals worldwide, rather than exacerbating existing inequalities. This framework includes provisions for technology transfer, capacity building, and joint research initiatives, aiming to create a more inclusive global AI ecosystem. Discussions also highlighted the need for local context in AI development and application.
2. Which international consortium recently unveiled ambitious plans for a multi-nation lunar habitat project, codenamed “Artemis Gateway Expansion,” targeting sustained human presence on the Moon by 2030?
A) European Space Agency (ESA) partnership with Russia’s Roscosmos.
B) A new alliance formed by India, Japan, Canada, and the UAE.
C) The Artemis Accords signatories led by NASA and its established partners.
D) China National Space Administration (CNSA) in collaboration with several Belt and Road Initiative nations.
Correct answer: B Notes: In a significant development for global space exploration, a newly formed alliance comprising the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Canadian Space Agency (CSA), and the United Arab Emirates Space Agency (UAESA) announced the “Artemis Gateway Expansion” project. This initiative aims to complement existing lunar programs by focusing on building a sustainable habitat on the Moon’s South Pole by 2030, leveraging each nation’s unique technological strengths in robotics, life support systems, and lunar resource utilization. This collaborative effort signifies a growing trend towards diverse international partnerships in deep-space exploration, beyond traditional alliances.
3. The ‘State of the Oceans Report 2025’, released by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO, raised alarm about the rapid degradation of what crucial marine habitat due to climate change and pollution?
A) Deep-sea hydrothermal vent ecosystems.
B) Mangrove forests across tropical coastlines.
C) Global coral reef systems, particularly the Great Barrier Reef.
D) Arctic sea ice habitats vital for polar biodiversity.
Correct answer: C Notes: The ‘State of the Oceans Report 2025’ issued a stark warning regarding the accelerating degradation of global coral reef systems. The report detailed unprecedented bleaching events, ocean acidification, and physical damage from pollution, which have led to a critical loss of biodiversity and essential ecosystem services provided by reefs. While other habitats also face threats, the report highlighted coral reefs, including iconic ones like the Great Barrier Reef, as being under the most immediate and severe existential threat due to their sensitivity to rising sea temperatures and changes in ocean chemistry. It urged for immediate global action on climate change and marine conservation.
4. To boost sustainable marine-related economic activities, the Indian government recently launched its inaugural series of “Sovereign Blue Bonds.” These bonds are primarily designed to fund projects in which sector?
A) Renewable energy infrastructure development.
B) Agricultural modernization and food security initiatives.
C) Ocean and marine ecosystem conservation, sustainable fisheries, and coastal development.
D) Urban green transportation and smart city projects.
Correct answer: C Notes: India’s launch of its inaugural “Sovereign Blue Bonds” marks a significant step towards financing its burgeoning blue economy. These bonds are specifically tailored to raise capital for projects that contribute to the sustainable use of ocean resources. This includes initiatives such as marine ecosystem conservation and restoration, developing sustainable fisheries and aquaculture, coastal protection, reducing marine pollution, and supporting ocean-based renewable energy. The move aligns with India’s commitment to achieving its climate goals and fostering a ‘blue economy’ that balances economic growth with ecological preservation of its extensive coastline and marine wealth.
5. The Indian government recently introduced the “National Quantum Strategy 2025,” outlining a roadmap for advancements in quantum technology. Which of the following is NOT a primary pillar of this strategy?
A) Establishing multiple national quantum research hubs across top institutions.
B) Developing indigenous quantum computing hardware and software.
C) Mandating a universal quantum encryption standard for all government communications.
D) Fostering international collaborations with leading quantum technology nations.
Correct answer: C Notes: The “National Quantum Strategy 2025” focuses on comprehensive development in quantum technology, encompassing research, indigenous development, and global partnerships. Its primary pillars include establishing national quantum research hubs, accelerating indigenous development of quantum computing hardware and software, promoting quantum communication and sensing technologies, and fostering international collaborations. While quantum encryption is a critical application, mandating a universal quantum encryption standard is not a primary *pillar* of the developmental strategy itself, but rather an *outcome* or a specific policy application that would emerge once the foundational technologies are mature and standardized. The strategy emphasizes building capabilities first.
